Solidia CementTM Part One of a Two-Part Series Exploring the Chemical Properties and Performance Results of Sustainable Solidia CementTM and Solidia ConcreteTM

Solidia CementTM is a non-hydraulic cement composed primarily of low-lime containing calcium silicate phases such as wollastonite / pseudowollastonite (CaO·SiO2), and rankinite (3CaO·2SiO2). This contrasts the high-lime alite (3CaO·SiO2), belite (2CaO·SiO2), tricalcium aluminate (3CaO·Al2O3), tetracalcium aluminum ferrite (4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3), and gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) phases that comprise ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The setting and hardening characteristics of Solidia Cement are derived from a reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and the calcium silicates. During the carbonation process, calcite (CaCO3) and silica (SiO2) form and are responsible for the strength development in concrete. The technological process used to produce Solidia Cement is adaptable and flexible, allowing a wide variety of cement raw meal formulations and production methods. Solidia Cement is made from the same calcareous and siliceous raw materials as Portland cement. Its manufacture needs neither specialized equipment nor additional unit operations, and existing Portland cement plants can be used without modification. Solidia Cement can be manufactured in any part of the world, wherever Portland cement is produced. The clinker of Solidia Cement is produced at a temperature of about 1200C, which is roughly 250C lower than the sintering temperature used in Portland cement clinker manufacturing. Production of Solidia Cement reduces the emission of greenhouse gas-CO2 by 30%. Concrete products made with Solidia Cement are manufactured using the same, basic mixing and forming processes as Portland cement-based concrete. Concrete products made using Solidia Cement sequester up to 300 kg of CO2 per tonne of cement used and have similar or better performance compared to traditional concrete products. When the reduced CO2 emissions associated with Solidia Cement production are considered along with the ability of that cement to sequester CO2 during concrete curing, the CO2 footprint associated with the manufacturing and use of cement can be reduced by up to 70%. 11 Colonial Drive Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 United States www.solidiatech.com